Paper B Mock Exam 7: 2023

A 70-year-old patient presents with a complaint that they are having trouble managing their finances, which is a new development over the past year. They have no history of mental health conditions and live independently, performing all their daily activities without assistance. They express concern about these changes affecting their independence. On examination, you find no evidence of significant memory impairment or loss of functional abilities beyond the financial difficulties. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis according to the ICD-11 criteria?

Children with social anxiety have an increased risk of developing which of the following conditions in later life?

Which of the following factors is most strongly associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia later in life?

A patient presents with a recent stroke affecting the non-dominant parietal lobe. Which clinical feature is most likely to be observed in this patient?

In psychotherapy, the technique of ‘clarification’ is most often used to achieve which of the following?

In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), the technique of ‘reframing’ is primarily used to help patients:

In psychodynamic psychotherapy, the technique of ‘confrontation’ is most appropriately used to:

In differentiating grief from major depressive disorder (MDD), which symptom is more indicative of MDD?

According to ICD-11, emotional detachment is a key feature of which diagnosis?

Which of the following is a defining feature of ‘Anankastia’ according to the ICD-11 criteria?

In the context of ICD-11, which disorder is primarily characterized by disinhibition?

When is it most appropriate to use a paired T-test in statistical analysis?

When considering the application of a diagnostic test used in an inpatient setting to a general practice population, what is important to know about the likelihood ratio (LR) of the test?

Which cognitive testing method is most useful for assessing a patient suspected of having Korsakoff’s syndrome?

An 18-month-old child presents with a chronic motor tic. According to ICD-11, which diagnosis is most appropriate?

Which clinical feature is more commonly associated with bulimia nervosa than with anorexia nervosa?

In the assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which symptom could raise a clinician’s suspicion of malingering?

What is the formula for calculating the positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of a diagnostic test?

Which of the following best describes the relationship between L-dopa administration and psychosis?

Exposure to which medication during pregnancy is most strongly associated with an increased risk of cleft palate and developmental delay in the offspring?

Which qualitative research method is specifically employed to analyze the structure, content, and meaning of the stories that people tell?

What is the primary purpose of using an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test in statistical analysis?

What is the primary purpose of using a Chi-square test in statistical analysis?

What is the primary purpose of using an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in statistical analysis?

In a patient with diabetes, what is a potential benefit of switching from Amisulpride to Aripiprazole?

In the context of clinical trials, how does allocation concealment help to prevent selection bias?

What does the ‘intention-to-treat’ principle in clinical trials ensure?

How does the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis mitigate the risk of attrition bias in clinical trials?

In a patient with schizophrenia who is not showing a positive response to clozapine treatment, what is the most important initial step to consider?

What does a likelihood ratio of greater than 1 indicate in the context of a diagnostic test?

Which strategy is an example of universal prevention for bullying in schools?

In the context of statistics, what does “accuracy” refer to?

In a scatterplot of two variables, if the correlation coefficient (r) is approximately 0.9, what can be inferred about the relationship between the variables?

What is the approximate male-to-female ratio in adults with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

A patient presents with impaired attention, heightened alertness, and dilated pupils. Which of the following substances is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

In psychodynamic theory, which concept refers to the unconscious process of attributing one’s thoughts, feelings, or impulses to another person or object?

In Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT), what is the primary purpose of the initial phase known as “reformulation”?

In the context of bullying prevention, what is the primary focus of “universal prevention” strategies?

In patients prescribed clozapine who are experiencing weight gain as a side effect, which medication may be considered as an adjunctive intervention to manage this issue?

Which of the following is an evidence-based intervention for managing clozapine-induced weight gain?

In the treatment of anorexia, monitoring for which electrolyte imbalance is critical due to the risk of refeeding syndrome?

Which antidepressant is most commonly associated with QT prolongation and subsequent Torsades de Pointes on an ECG?

At 39 weeks of pregnancy, a patient with bipolar disorder who has been up-titrated on lithium therapy during pregnancy (800mg) faces various management options as she nears delivery. Considering the balance between maternal mental health and the risk of neonatal toxicity, how should her lithium dosage be adjusted?

Which psychiatric diagnosis is most commonly found in individuals who have died by suicide?

What kind of bias is most likely to occur when selecting study participants through a newspaper advertisement?

In a study investigating the relationship between diet during pregnancy and the development of allergies in children, researchers collected data through parental recall of their diet during pregnancy. Which type of bias is most likely to affect the validity of this study’s findings?

What kind of bias can occur if the same individual is responsible for both screening and diagnosing participants in a study?

Which of the following is a likely behavior in a patient with a factitious disorder when approached for data sharing for treatment purposes?

In the context of pathological lying, what does the term ‘matrix of truth’ refer to?

What is the primary outcome measure used in cost-utility analysis in healthcare?

Given the data from two interventions, A and B, where intervention A results in 2 QALYs at a cost of £10,000 and intervention B results in 3 QALYs at a cost of £20,000, what is the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of intervention B relative to A?

Which group of prisoners is at the highest risk of suicide?

What is a likely cause for a neonate presenting with microcephaly and being small for gestational age?

What is the estimated risk of developing a psychotic disorder for individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome?

A newborn neonate is observed to have shaking episodes. Which maternal substance use is most likely to be associated with this clinical presentation?

In risk assessment, which of the following best exemplifies a dynamic risk factor?

What is an appropriate initial management step for an adolescent diagnosed with mild depression?

Which antidepressant is recommended as a first-line treatment for moderate to severe depression in a 13-year-old child?

Which psychiatric disorder is most commonly associated with stalking behavior?

A patient in their late 60s presents with ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion. The neighbor who brought them in reports chronic alcohol misuse. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which group of patients is most commonly served by psychiatric rehabilitation services?

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of lithium?

Which of the following best describes the primary goal of psychiatric rehabilitation?

A patient presents with a distended abdomen. Which of the following is a likely cause related to chronic ethanol (alcohol) misuse?

Which of the following medications is known to lower the seizure threshold and may require adjustments in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) parameters?

What is the purpose of block randomisation in clinical trials?

What are intangible costs in the context of healthcare economics?

What is a key feature of case-control studies?

Which of the following is considered a common mistake in the audit process?

Why is a power calculation performed when designing a research study?

Why are tests commonly performed during the detoxification process for a patient with alcohol dependence?

Following an episode of self-harm in an adult, what is the approximate risk of suicide within one year?

What is the definition of coercive control?

Which of the following sets of symptoms are most characteristic of narcolepsy?

Which specifically addresses ethical principles for conducting research on human subjects, including those who are detained?

Which of the following recreational drugs is considered to have the lowest potential for addiction?

Which recreational drug is known to potentially cause urinary frequency as a side effect?

In a forest plot used in meta-analyses, which study would typically have the lowest effect size?

Which of the following is an evidence-based treatment for managing aggression in psychiatric conditions?

In a forest plot, why are arrows sometimes used at the ends of the confidence interval lines?

In an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, how are participants who are lost to follow-up typically handled in the ‘worst case scenario’ approach?

In clinical statistics, what does the use of brackets typically denote when presenting a confidence interval?

In the context of qualitative research, what is the purpose of a ‘member check’?

For approximately how long after use can amphetamines typically be detected in urine?

Copropraxia is best described as which of the following?

Methylphenidate is a medication commonly prescribed for which condition in an 8-year-old child?

Which social characteristic is generally associated with the lowest risk of suicide?

What is the primary focus of a cost-benefit analysis in healthcare?

When paroxetine is used during pregnancy, which symptom is most likely to be observed in the neonate?

What is the most recommended first-line intervention for managing a child diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) according to current guidelines?

Which medication is recommended for the management of tardive dyskinesia (TD) that is persistent and problematic for patients?

By how much does the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease increase when age progresses from 65 to 85 years old?

An elderly woman presents with a sudden change to inappropriate behaviors, lack of social tact, and impulsivity. Which condition is most likely responsible for these changes?

During a neurological examination, a patient is observed to repeatedly touch their face and pout without apparent stimuli. This behavior is most indicative of a lesion in which area of the brain?

A patient presents with a complaint of decreased sensation in their fingers, particularly affecting the thumb, index, and middle fingers, with no noted decrease in motor function or strength. The patient has a history of repetitive wrist movements in their occupation. This finding of hypoaesthesia is most likely related to a lesion in which of the following locations?

An alcoholic patient reports pain in the feet when wearing shoes, a symptom suggestive of allodynia. This symptom is most likely associated with which of the following conditions?

Gout is a feature of several disorders. Which one of the following conditions is associated with a genetic defect leading to gout and self-mutilating behavior?

Why is the initiation of clozapine treatment typically conducted in an inpatient setting rather than in the community?

What is the correlation between the modalities of hallucinations experienced by a patient and the modalities of child abuse they may have suffered?

In psychological testing, what does the concept of ‘predictive validity’ refer to?

A patient presents with large ears, gaze aversion, and behavioral problems. Which of the following conditions is most likely?

A child is observed frequently engaging in self-hugging behaviors. Which genetic condition is most commonly associated with this behavior?

A patient presents with hypopigmentation, seizures, and hyperactivity. Which of the following conditions should be most strongly considered?

A scenario is described where an individual exhibits violent behavior, nystagmus, hypertension, and numbed sensitivity to pain. These clinical features are most indicative of intoxication with which of the following substances?

A patient with Lewy body dementia presents with persistent low blood pressure. Which of the following medications might be beneficial for managing this symptom?

In the management of Lewy body dementia, rivastigmine is primarily used for which of the following reasons?

Which type of dementia is most commonly associated with REM sleep behavior disorder?

Which of the following organizations is renowned for its systematic reviews and meta-analyses in healthcare, providing high-quality information to aid in decision-making?

Which of the following best describes catamenial epilepsy?

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of vascular dementia?

In a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, what is represented on the X-axis?

Which medication is commonly used for the management of akathisia, a frequent side effect of antipsychotic medications?

By how much does the risk of developing psychiatric disorders increase when cannabis use begins before the age of 16?

The Mann-Whitney U test is best used in which of the following scenarios?

In a case-control study, which of the following correctly describes how to calculate an odds ratio?

In an epidemiological study, how is the risk ratio (RR) calculated?

How is the positive predictive value (PPV) calculated in the context of a diagnostic test?

If a treatment reduces the risk of a certain outcome from 15% to 4.8%, what is the absolute benefit increase provided by the treatment?

How is the number needed to harm (NNH) calculated based on the absolute risk increase (ARI)?

A new medication shows an absolute risk increase (ARI) of 2% for a certain adverse effect. What is the number needed to harm (NNH)?

A diagnostic test has a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 95%. What is the positive likelihood ratio (LR+) for this test?

Which of the following clinical signs is considered life-threatening and may warrant immediate intervention in a patient with anorexia nervosa?

Shortly after starting treatment with Valproate, a patient presents with vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever. These symptoms most likely suggest which of the following conditions?

Which bipolar medication is known to potentially cause hypercalcemia as a side effect?

Which of the following is a recognized cause of learning disability?

Is the risk of a child being born with Down syndrome the same with transmission from mother and father?

What does an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.8 indicate about a diagnostic test?

Which intervention is most likely to reduce reoffending in an individual convicted of indecent exposure?

A young polydrug user is admitted to the ward. Two days later, he is found using intercostal muscles to breathe, tachycardic, and hypotensive. What is the most appropriate emergency treatment?

A 35-year-old female patient on Sertraline and Quetiapine presents with episodes of body shaking, preceded by tingling in her hands and feet. What is the most likely diagnosis?

What type of prevention is represented by the implementation of a suicide hotline?

What type of prevention is associated with prescribing lithium for suicide risk reduction in patients with bipolar disorder?

A 32-year-old male is referred to a psychiatrist for recurrent episodes where he suddenly ceases his ongoing activities, stares into space, and engages in automatism, such as lip-smacking and fidgeting with his clothes. These episodes last around 2-3 minutes and are followed by confusion. He has no recollection of these episodes. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Sensitization in the context of anxiety disorders is best exemplified by which of the following scenarios?

Which of the following symptoms is more indicative of Parkinson’s disease than drug-induced parkinsonism?

In the context of psychological therapy, what is the purpose of ‘confrontation’?

In psychological therapy, what is the primary purpose of using confrontation as a technique?

What is the first step in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)?

Which of the following components is most unique and central to Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) when compared to other cognitive-behavioural therapies?

In the context of primitive psychological defense mechanisms, which of the following best exemplifies a process where an individual unconsciously expels disturbing wishes, thoughts, or experiences from the conscious mind?

Multiple imputation is a statistical technique used to handle missing data within a dataset. How does this method principally operate?

A 54-year-old patient with schizophrenia has been on a long-term antipsychotic depot injection. They have now developed tardive dyskinesia. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

When differentiating between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in a clinical assessment, why is it essential to inquire about a patient’s ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs)?

In path analysis, what does a strong negative beta value indicate about the relationship between two variables?

An adolescent has been experiencing motor tics for 12 months. According to ICD-11 criteria, how should these tics be classified?

When distinguishing between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia in a clinical assessment, which of the following features is more indicative of schizophrenia?

In the context of Anorexia Nervosa, which of the following findings is most indicative of a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical intervention?

Mental health issues are more prevalent in offending populations. Which psychiatric disorder is most commonly associated with homicide offenders?

A patient with schizophrenia has a predicted future life expectancy of 40 years while residing in a residential accommodation. The current accommodation provides a quality-adjusted life year (QALY) value of 0.5 and costs £900 per week. An alternative care home, which costs £1100 per week, can improve the QALY to 0.7. If the patient moves to the new facility, how many total QALYs could the patient expect to accumulate over the remaining life expectancy?

A patient with schizophrenia with a future life expectancy of 40 years has been in residential accommodation for the past 10 years, offering a QALY of 0.5 at a cost of £900 per week. An alternative residential care home can increase the QALY to 0.7 at a cost of £1100 per week. What type of economic analysis is being used to compare these two residential care options?