Paper A Mock Exam 3

What is the fundamental attribution error, and how does it relate to our understanding of other people’s behavior?

The NEO Personality Inventory is a comprehensive measure of the five major domains of personality and is often used in research and clinical settings. Which of the following best describes the five major factors assessed by the NEO Personality Inventory?

What is the purpose of purines in the human body and what is their structure related to food?

Which of the following is a widely recognized age range for typical language development in children?

Which of the following is considered a blood marker for myocarditis?

What are the key risk factors for QT prolongation and which drugs are known to cause this cardiac event?

A 20-year-old male presented to you on a psychiatric ward. His previous doctor suspected that he is suffering from an autosomal dominant disease which is most probably Huntington’s disease. What are the common psychiatric symptoms that you may find in this patient?

A 19 years old male often has trouble organizing tasks and activities. It is also hard for him to focus and listen well to people communicating with him. He also has problems with his relationships because of his short tolerance level. His psychiatrist suspects that he has psychiatric illness with strong genetic effects. What will be your probable diagnosis in this case?

You are seeing 1-year-old baby boy with facial malformation, growth retardation and some central nervous system abnormalities. His father informs you that his mother is an alcohol addict and she continued drinking alcohol during pregnancy. What is the most suitable diagnosis in this case?

A 12-year-old child presented to you having short stature, a flat nasal bridge, protruding tongue. 2 of his siblings had similar features. After completing the assessment, you confirmed the diagnosis of Down’s syndrome. What is the main cause of Down’s syndrome?

You are seeing a 16-year-old female patient admitted to the psychiatric ward. While evaluating her file records, you find out that the patient presented to the emergency department with a loss of consciousness and was dehydrated at that time. Now the patient is stable and on treatment. The patient was continuously taking laxatives as she thought that she eats a lot and is becoming overweight This led to dehydration and ultimately unconsciousness. The patient might be suffering from?

A 50-year-old male patient comes to you in outpatient department with a high fever. He complains that he is restless and unable to sleep. His younger son died in a road traffic accident a few months back. After his death, the patient has frequent episodes of high fever. What can be the potential cause of this patient’s high-grade fever?

A 22-year-old female patient presents to psychiatric outpatient department with complaints of anxiety, depression and restlessness. She is taking some drugs for past 2 years. On history, the patient revealed that her parents got divorced when she was a child. Her roommates report that she has attempted suicide 2 times in the past. Her childhood trauma. Her childhood trauma and use of drug fit into which of the following option?

You have requested your patient a scan for diagnostic purposes. This scan shows how your body performs at the cellular level and includes a dose of radiation. It can detect cerebral blood flow and metabolic changes in the brain. Which of the following imaging techniques best fits the description?

A 25-year-old male went through a road traffic accident. After recovery, the patient is now having problems like personality changes, poor judgement skills and impaired social awareness. Which of the following lobes may be damaged in this patient?

A 79-year-old male patient presented to outpatient department with the complaint of memory loss. His son told that he takes longer than usual time to complete his daily tasks. He also repeats questions and has trouble recalling recently learned information. His CT scan revealed neuronal loss. What will be your probable diagnosis in this case?

A 39-year-old female patient comes to you in outpatient department with complaints of tremors and dyskinesia. On inquiry, the patient reports that she is taking haloperidol because she is also suffering from hallucinations and delusions. What would be the most suitable drug you can suggest this patient to treat her present complaints?

You are seeing a 40-year-old male patient who is on haloperidol from past few months to address hallucinations and delusions. You have informed the patients about the side effects of this drug. Now, the patient reports that his drug is causing adverse effects more than usual. The patient might be taking which on the following that explains aggravation of drug’s adverse effects?

A 24-year-old male patient presents to psychiatric outpatient department with complaints of insomnia, drowsiness, anxiety and depression. History reveals that the patient is a chronic smoker and is taking antipsychotics prescribed by his previous psychiatrist. What might be the probable cause of his symptoms?

An 80-year-old male patient comes to you in outpatient department with complaints of dementia, amnesia and difficulty concentrating. With psychotherapy what is best treatment option for this patient?

A 21-year-old male patient presents to outpatient department. He has fluent and paraphrasic speech. His neurophysician diagnosed that he has transcortical sensory aphasia. In this condition which lobe of brain involved?

A 32-year-old male brought to emergency after RTA. After regaining his conscious level, he was shifted to ward. Now, the patient complains that his sense of smell, taste and hearing is disturbed. On CT scan, you’ll suspect a lesion in which area of brain?

A 6-year-old child presented outpatient department with his mother. His mother told you that he does not respond when he is called by his name. He is not talking as much when compared to other children of the same age. He is also lacking smile when someone smiles at him. The child is having problem with social communication. Based on the history, what is your probable diagnosis?

A 37-year-old male patient presents to outpatient department for routine check up. He is known case of diabetes, hypertension and he has some psychiatric illness also. He has been taking anti-psychotics, metformin and anti- hypertensives. His major concern is that he is gaining weight day by day. What might be the probable cause of his weight gain?

A 32 year old male patient presents to you with complaints of physical discomfort and trouble concentrating on his daily tasks. He is a diagnosed case of Type 2 diabetes and is using Metformin. On inquiry, the patient has slept only 4 hours in past 2 days. The patient’s symptoms are primarily due to?

A 32 year old male patient presents to you with complaints of physical discomfort and trouble concentrating on his daily tasks. He is a diagnosed case of Type 2 diabetes and is using Metformin. On inquiry, the patient has slept only 4 hours in past 2 days. The patient’s symptoms are primarily due to?

A 27-year-old presented to outpatient department with complaints of difficulty concentrating, memory lapses, depression stumbling and clumsiness. He is also having frequent mood swings and has aggressive behaviour. You diagnose him to be a case of autosomal dominant disorder.. Which of the following option is correct?

You are seeing an infant which is intubated in nursery. He has narrow face, large ears, prominent jaw and forehead, flexible fingers and enlarged testicles, What would be your probable diagnosis according to the symptoms?

A 35 years old male patient admit in ward with complain of vomit after eating. He went through an RTA 3 days back and loss of appetite. Which centre of brain control appetite?

A person present with complains of difficulty concentration, memory lapse, depression, clumsiness, mood swings and aggressive behaviour. His MRI scan (brain) shows lesion in the area of caudate nucleus. What is the most probable diagnosis in this case?

82 year old man was referred for restlessness, agitation and confusion following a hip replacement surgery 2 days ago. He reports seeing ghosts and spirits and hearing them call out his name yesterday. He slept poorly last night and is somewhat drowsy today morning. He is better now and is able to have a reasonable conversation but insists that this place is his daughter’s house. His family reports that he was fine until 2 days ago and does not drink alcohol or smoke. Name the diagnosis?

A 42 years old male patient come to you in outpatient department with some personality disorders and having some mental health problems. You have to do Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory test to asses his personality traits and psychotherapy. Which one scale not included in this test?

A projective psychological test in which subjects perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analysed using psychological interpretation complex algorithm or both. In this test psychologist use to examine a person’s personality characteristics and emotional functioning is ?

A 19 years old female patient is on cognitive therapy. What is least likely to occur during her therapy ?

Behaviour in which one person subconsciously initiates the gesture, speech pattern, or attitude of another is?

An 82 years old male patient come to you in outpatient clinic with complaints of loss of recent memory, his son told that he take longer than usual time to complete his tasks. Patient has Alzheimer’s disease. What microscopic changes present in the brain of this patient?

A 22-year-old college student has had frequent episodes of “sleepiness” over the
last 3 months. She frequently falls asleep throughout the day but says that she
feels better after each episode. Sometimes after waking up she feels momentarily
paralysed. Her roommates do not report any other problems with her sleep. What
is her diagnosis?

A 58-year-old man has a brain lesion that causes him to feel euphoric, laugh
uncontrollably, and joke and make puns. Where is this brain lesion most likely
located?

An 18-year-old girl comes to the psychiatrist because she pulls out her hair in patches when she is anxious or upset. She is taught to make a tight fist whenever she has this impulse rather than pull out her hair. Which of the following techniques is this?

A 79-year-old male patient presented to outpatient department with complaints of body aches. He has a history of gastrointestinal cancer. Medication history revealed he was on methadone for past several months and his oncologist has recently changed his medicine. He is also struggling with sleep and restlessness and has frequent muscle cramps. This may be due to.

A 65-year old male is experiencing memory loss, difficulty speaking, and expressing his thoughts. He is also repeating his questions and has frequent hallucinations. What is the most probable diagnosis according to patient symptoms?

A 52-year-old male has a recent road traffic accident that resulted in recent memory loss. The patient is unable to recall his family member’s names or faces. After being managed for body injuries, he was discharged. After few weeks, he was able to drive his car. Which type of memory is concerned with the storage of information related to driving of a car?

A 49-year-old male patient comes to you with complaint of restlessness and anxiety. The previous history revealed that the patient is gaining weight day by day. On inquiry, patient reported that he is using a medication prescribed by his physician. The patient might be using which one of the following medications?

A 32-year old male presents to outpatient department with complaint of light-headedness and dizziness whenever he gets up from bed. You perform a physical test for assessing postural hypotension and it comes positive. Which one of the following can cause postural hypotension in patients?

A 56-year-old female presents to outpatient department with complaints of muscle cramps and anxiety. She has been taking antidepressants for the past 2 years. Lab results showed low levels of sodium. Which one of the following can be a finding in this patient?

A 34-year-old patient presents to psychiatric outpatient department with complaints of insomnia, fatigue and lethargy. He also had shortness of breath and was unable to complete sentences in a single breath. On examination, dental cavities were observed. The patient can be heavily dependent on which of the following?

You are seeing a patient suffering from intense mood swings, impulsive behaviours, and emotional instability. These symptoms have caused harm to the patient several times. What can be your initial diagnosis?

A 22-year-old pregnant female presented to the emergency department with complaints of hallucinations and delusions. You have planned to prescribe this patient an antipsychotic drug. Which one of the following is the safest drug to advise in pregnancy?

A 52-year-old lady presented to the emergency department with seizures. The patient was successfully attended and managed. Now, you have to prescribe her a long-term drug for controlling seizures. Choose the best possible option for this patient.

A 33 year-old woman who is 12 weeks pregnant and has a background of bipolar disorder. She meet her for a medication review in light of the recent pregnancy. Which medication needs to be reviewed urgently?

A 28 year-old woman with a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder is seen at the inpatient ward round. She is currently prescribed risperidone 10mg daily, which was decreased from 15mg. The nurses report that she has significant lower limb movement and general restlessness. The patient agrees with this observation and is slightly upset by it. What is the likely cause of this restlessness?

A young lady who has a diagnosis of severe anxiety disorder is referred to your outpatient clinic by the obstetrics team. She is 38 weeks pregnancy and expected to deliver in the coming weeks. The lady plans to breastfeed. The obstetrics team would like advice regarding her medication and the risks of breastfeeding. Which medication requires the most urgent review?

How can malingering be differentiated from factitious disorder?

A 24 year-old female presents to A&E with self-inflicted superficial cuts to her forearms. She appears verbally aggressive and argumentative with staff. She describes an element of paranoid ideation and reports binge eating in the last two weeks. She has been having repeated arguments with her boyfriend and family. She is unemployed at present and has struggled to hold down a job. What is the most likely DMS-5 diagnosis?

James is an 18 year-old male is referred to your outpatient clinic with depression with poor response to medication. He reports dysfunctional sexual relationships and sexual abuse in his childhood. He frequently dresses up in females clothing in public and reports being attracted to men. He believes that he is in the wrong gender. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 29 year-old man arrives at A&E minors seeking assistance with diazepam detoxification. He claims to have been taking 60mg daily for the past 6 weeks. He talks about going “cold turkey” for the past 48 hours. Which of the following symptoms is he most common?

A middle-aged man presents to clinic with a history of dysthymia and complaining of impotence. Which medication is most likely the culprit?

A patient reports experiencing hearing voices at night whilst she goes to sleep. Which perceptual abnormalities is she experiencing?

A 38 year-old man presents with a long history of anxiety when in public settings. It has reached a point where he avoids all social events and is having an impact on his work. He is now struggling to leave the house at all for the past 2 months. What is the likely diagnosis?

Which syndrome is least associated with a psychotic illness?

An right handed elderly gentleman who has had a stroke is struggling with verbal comprehension. Your assessment notes that he can speak fluently but has numerous errors in grammar, syntax and words. What location has the stroke lesion most likely effected?

A 59 year-old man with schizoaffective disorder is suffering from urinary retention. Which medication could be responsible for this?

A television advert shows two actors hiking on a beautiful mountain trail. At the peak of the mountain they open and drink a sports drink that is being advertised. What type of conditioning is being used here?

What is the most likely source of bias associated with a Likert scale?

A middle-aged man has a history of angina and myocardial infarctions has become depressed. Which antidepressant would be most suitable?

A patient with bipolar affective disorder has a raised ALP and gamma GT on routine blood tests. Which drug is most likely to have caused this?

A patient who has been on lithium for many years which has kept her bipolar affective disorder under control is likely to present with which of the following blood profiles?

Which antidepressant is best for a patient suffering from depression who also has a history of diabetes mellitus?

When assessing a patient for possible bulimia nervosa which feature is supportive?

A middle aged man who was assaulted 4 months ago presents to clinic with his wife who is very concerned. He has no physical injuries at present but mentally he has been unable to work since. He has a number of chronic medical issues and has a past episode of depression. He likely has a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder. Which of the following features would most likely improve prognosis?

An inpatient walks into the ward round meeting room with evidence of a movement disorder. He demonstrates rapid sudden blinking, that the nurses feel is much more noticeable when he is anxious in group settings. They observed it is reduced when he is concentrating on a specific task. Which symptoms is most likely present?

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a psychological test used to assess personality and mental health disorders. A 28-year-old male with depressive disorder and PTSD symptoms is likely to score high on the MMPI scale for?

A patient looking to start an antidepressant for depression is concerned that the medication may cause a reduction in her libido. Which medication would be most suitable for her concerns?

A 44 year-old man with a known to secondary mental health services with a diagnosis of schizophrenia presents to clinic reporting that he is being sexually assaulted by aliens every night. Which perceptual abnormality best describes his experiences?

What is the most characteristic wave form seen in the EEG trace of a patient with Delirium Tremens?

Which hormone is primarily secreted by the hypothalamus and plays a key role in regulating hunger?

Which hormone is primarily secreted by adipocytes and plays a crucial role in regulating food intake and energy balance?

What is a crucial factor that can help mitigate the occurrence of groupthink in decision making processes?

What is the psychological term used to describe a patient who persistently believes they have a serious medical condition despite negative clinical findings?

What is a defining characteristic of Somatization disorder?

Which of the following nucleotides is most commonly affected by the process of methylation in the context of epigenetic regulation of gene expression?

What is the genetic basis of Huntington’s disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms?

Which of the following macroscopic changes has NOT been consistently observed in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Which of the following represents a key macroscopic change in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

What is the primary inducer of the CYP1A2 enzyme?

What is the effect of smoking on clozapine levels in the body?

What is a known inhibitor of the CYP1A2 enzyme?

What is the effect of grapefruit juice on clozapine levels in the body?

What is the basis of modern-day psychiatry diagnostic schedule?

What is a diagnostic criterion for Delusional disorder?

What is the term used to describe the persistence of sensation after cessation of stimuli?

What was Emile Durkheim’s contribution to the study of suicide?

What is the mechanism of action of Buprenorphine?

Which of the following best describes the properties of Naloxone?

Which of the following best describes the properties of Naltrexone?

What are the properties of Methadone as an opioid medication?

Which of the following statements is true about the opioid receptor antagonists naloxone and naltrexone and the partial agonist buprenorphine?

Which of the following best describes Vygotsky’s model of learning and the concept of the “zone of proximal development”?

At what age is the development of ‘Theory of Mind’ typically observed in individuals with autism?

What is the primary cause of distress observed in children during the Strange Situation Experiment, a study that assesses attachment in infants and young children?

What is the most distinctive feature of Wernicke’s aphasia, a language disorder that results from damage to the posterior language areas of the brain?

What is the defining characteristic of ideational apraxia, a motor disorder that affects the planning and execution of purposeful movements?

What is the defining characteristic of ideomotor apraxia, a motor disorder that affects the planning and execution of purposeful movements?

What is the defining characteristic of limb-kinetic apraxia, a motor disorder that affects the planning and execution of fine, precise movements?

A 58-year-old man who suffered a significant RTA now has an inability to identify landmarks near his home. Which of the following best describes his condition?

What type of memory remains preserved in normal aging?

Which of the following is a type of nondeclarative memory that is relatively preserved across the adult lifespan compared to episodic memory, which shows the greatest aging effects?

What is the primary function of the Stroop test?

Which of the following substances is classified as an alpha 2 autoreceptor, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 antagonist with potent serotonergic and noradrenergic blocking activity?

Which of the following brain regions has been implicated in the development of antisocial personality features, particularly impulsivity?

Which of the following cognitive symptoms best describes a patient’s description of a teaching hospital as “a young doctors training place”?

Which of the following best describes a disorder characterized by forgetting one’s name, personal identity, and episodic memory?

What term describes the phenomenon in which the density of dopamine D2 receptors in the brain is greater in children under the age of 5 years, compared to adult levels, and later regresses to adult levels?

Which of the following best describes the neuroanatomical characteristics seen in individuals with autism?

Which of the following best describes the chemical compound commonly referred to as “Gaba B amino butyrate”?

What change in classification was made to schizophrenia in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)?

Which of the following is most closely associated with the psychoanalytic theories of Melanie Klein?

What is the “Depressive position,” as described by Melanie Klein’s psychoanalytic theory?

Which of the following functions is most commonly attributed to the amygdala in the field of neuroscience?

What is one of the established risk factors for the development of prolonged QT syndrome?

Which of the following haematological adverse effects is/are commonly associated with carbamazepine treatment?

Which of the following laboratory findings is considered to be the most sensitive indicator of clozapine-induced myocarditis?

Which of the following sets of diagnostic criteria is considered to be most widely used for diagnosing postnatal depression?

What is the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) primarily used for?

What is the primary purpose of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD)?

What is the primary use of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)?

Which of the following best describes a Semantic Differential Scale?

Which of the following best describes a Likert Scale?

Which of the following best describes the type of memory involved in remembering what “breakfast” is?

Which of the following best describes the type of memory involved in remembering what you had for breakfast?

Which ion or channel has been most frequently implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia?

Which anti-inflammatory cytokine has been most frequently implicated in the development of depression?

What are the five components of the original Maslow hierarchy of needs?

What is the DSM-5 classification for eating disorder characterized by insufficient nutrient intake, preference for enteral feeding and supplements, and avoidance or restriction of oral food consumption?

An individual who consistently requires being at the centre of attention, feeling ill at ease if not the focus of attention, and displaying exaggerated emotions and dramatic behaviours, is likely to have which of the following personality disorders?

An individual who is excessively meticulous, inflexible with their routines and beliefs, and overly concerned with order, control and saving resources (including money) for future purposes, who may also engage in hoarding behaviours, is likely to have which of the following personality disorders?

An individual who displays an excessive sense of self-importance, a strong need for admiration and a lack of empathy towards others, is likely to have which of the following personality disorders?

Which of the following mutated chromosomes has been linked to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

At what age does the concrete operational stage of cognitive development begin?

Which of the following conditions is not classified as a type of frontotemporal dementia (FTD)?

What is the most common clinical subtype of frontotemporal dementia (FTD)?

What type of reinforcement schedule is most effective for maintaining gambling behavior in individuals?

What type of reinforcement schedule is being implemented when a healthcare locum worker is paid every two weeks regardless of the number of hours worked?

Which of the following payment methods is best suited for consultation services where processing time is not constant?

Which of the following describes the food pellet reinforcement schedule provided to a rat after it presses a button five times?

At which stage of identity is an individual considered to have explored various options but has not yet come to a decision regarding their sense of self?

At which stage of identity development is an individual considered to have not explored various options but has made a decision regarding their sense of self?

What is one of the key outcomes that has been associated with the results of the delay of gratification experiment, commonly referred to as the “Marshmallow Test”?

For which type of substance toxicity is Flumazenil used as a management medication?

Which of the following neuroimaging techniques is primarily used for measurement of neurotransmitters in the brain?