Learning Disability Aetiology Exam

Which timing in gestation is associated with dorsal induction CNS event?

Ventral induction during gestation is associated with which malformations?

What percentage of intellectual disability cases is due to prenatal factors?

Neuronal migration CNS events occurring between 3-5 months of gestation are associated with which malformations?

Which of the following is not an example of an external prenatal factor that can cause intellectual disability?

Which of the following is a postnatal factor that can contribute to intellectual disability?

During which stage of fetal development are external prenatal factors particularly damaging?

What is the percentage of intellectual disability cases with a specific cause determined in mild cases?

A 6-year-old child presents with cognitive impairment, language delay, and characteristic facial features. Which condition is most likely?

A female patient shows cognitive impairment, social deficits, and a long and narrow face. Which genetic disorder is most probable?

A child exhibits cognitive impairment, behavioral problems, and physical abnormalities like small head size and smooth philtrum. What is the most likely cause?

Which genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene?

Which condition is associated with an extra copy of chromosome 21?

In which condition is prenatal exposure to alcohol a primary cause?

Which genetic disorder is characterized by the presence of myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF)?

What type of genetic conditions include neural tube defects and pervasive developmental disorders?

A child with intellectual disability is struggling to find intrinsic motivation for learning activities. What type of motivation should be emphasized to enhance engagement?

Which factor could potentially hinder an individual with intellectual disability from trying new things and seeking new learning opportunities?

A child with intellectual disability has difficulty processing information. What factor may be responsible for this?

Which social factor can significantly impact the intellectual and emotional growth of individuals with intellectual disability?

What is the term used to describe social and psychological consequences that arise due to an individual’s intellectual disability?

What factor is crucial for individuals with intellectual disability to lead fulfilling and independent lives?

Which factor can provide individuals with intellectual disability with emotional support, practical assistance, and opportunities for social interaction?

What aspect of family functioning can promote positive outcomes for individuals with intellectual disability?

A 30-year-old pregnant woman with a history of alcohol abuse presents at 30 weeks gestation. Which of the following abnormalities is most likely to be observed in her newborn if the mother consumed alcohol during her pregnancy?

A 5-year-old boy presents with delayed speech development, repetitive behaviors, and hyperactivity. Genetic testing reveals a CGG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the FMR1 gene. Which condition is he most likely to have?

A newborn is found to have hypotonia, upslanting palpebral fissures, and a single palmar crease. Karyotyping is most likely to reveal which chromosomal abnormality?

A 10-year-old girl presents with intellectual disability, seizures, and a “cherry-red” spot on her retina. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for her symptoms?