Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Conditions Exam

Which attachment style is characterized by distress during separation and easily soothed upon reunion?

In the Strange Situation experiment, which attachment style is linked to unresponsive parenting?

According to Mary Ainsworth’s original classification, how many attachment styles did she identify?

A child with which attachment style is likely to experience confusion in their behavior during the Strange Situation experiment?

What percentage of children typically exhibit insecure-ambivalent attachment?

What is the key concept that attachment theory emphasizes for an infant’s brain development and emotional well-being?

Who is the founder of attachment theory?

Is attachment classification based on individual children or relationships with caregivers?

A 6-year-old child presents with significant difficulties in forming attachments to caregivers and peers. Which of the following is a possible diagnosis for this child?

A child who has experienced multiple caregiver transitions in early childhood may be at an increased risk for developing which type of disorder?

A child with indiscriminate friendliness and challenges in social interaction might be diagnosed with:

Which of the following treatments is most commonly used for attachment disorders?

A 4-year-old child with a history of neglect presents with emotional withdrawal and hypervigilance. Which disorder is most likely in this scenario?

Which intervention for attachment difficulties involves using video interaction guidance?

In which category does ICD-11 classify Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder?

A 10-year-old child presents with persistent aggressive behavior, property destruction, and violation of rules. Which of the following is a possible diagnosis for this child?

Which of the following factors can contribute to the development of conduct disorders?

What is the primary difference between oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder?

Which treatment approach involves family, school, and community systems for managing conduct disorders?

A child diagnosed with conduct disorder is most likely to exhibit which of the following behaviours?

Which of the following disorders is more prevalent in boys than girls?

In the management of conduct disorders, which medication may be considered for short-term management of severe aggressive behavior if psychosocial interventions fail?

Early intervention in conduct disorders is critical for improving which of the following outcomes?

A child with a history of disrupted early caregiving experiences is exhibiting self-harm behavior. Which of the following disorders may be contributing to this behavior?

A pre-schooler consistently refuses to follow instructions, argues with teachers, and has negative interactions with peers. Which disorder is most likely contributing to these behaviours?

A child with a history of persistent aggressive behavior, property destruction, and deceit is refusing to attend school. Which disorder is most likely contributing to this school refusal?

What percentage of school-aged children are affected by ADHD?

Which gender is more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD?

In adults, what is the estimated prevalence of ADHD?

Which symptom is NOT a core symptom of ADHD?

What is the heritability estimate for ADHD?

Which environmental factor during pregnancy increases the risk of ADHD in offspring?

What is the risk of ADHD in siblings compared to the general population?

Which problem is commonly associated with ADHD but not considered a core symptom?

What type of therapy can be effective in improving ADHD symptoms and associated behaviours?

Which factor does NOT influence the long-term outcome of ADHD?

What is the estimated prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents?

Which environmental factor may increase the risk of ADHD?

Which behavior is NOT commonly associated with ADHD?

Which treatment option is NOT typically used for ADHD?

What aspect of ADHD may contribute to an increased likelihood of self-harm?

What is the prevalence of anxiety disorders in youth?

Which treatment is commonly used for both anxiety disorders and OCD in children and adolescents?

Which anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive anxiety around separation from attachment figures or home?

A child with recurrent, severe panic attacks accompanied by psychological and physiological symptoms might be diagnosed with which disorder?

What is a common comorbidity of separation anxiety disorder?

Which intervention is not typically used for the management of generalized anxiety disorder in children and adolescents?

In the context of OCD, what is the term used to describe unwanted, intrusive thoughts that cause anxiety?

Which of the following symptoms is not typically present in generalized anxiety disorder?

A 10-year-old child presents with excessive fear and avoidance of dogs. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which disorder is characterized by a marked fear of social or performance situations?

Which treatment is commonly used for social phobia, simple phobias, and selective mutism in children and adolescents?

A child consistently fails to speak in specific social situations where speaking is expected, despite being able to speak in other contexts. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which comorbidity is commonly associated with simple phobias?

A 9-year-old child presents with intrusive thoughts about contamination and excessive handwashing. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which comorbid disorder is NOT commonly associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

A child with mild OCD symptoms may benefit from which initial intervention?

What is the primary treatment option for more severe cases of OCD in children and adolescents?

Which symptom is more common in child cases of OCD compared to adult cases?

Which behavior may be associated with anxiety disorders and OCD in children and adolescents?

In children with OCD, refusal to attend school may be related to which comorbid disorder?

Which intervention may be considered if a child with OCD does not respond to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure response prevention (ERP)?

A 14-year-old girl presents with persistent sadness, irritability, and low energy. What is the most likely diagnosis?

In a 12-year-old male with mild depression, what is the first step in treatment?

What therapy is recommended as the first-line treatment for moderate to severe depression in children and adolescents?

After 4-6 unsuccessful sessions of first-line treatment for moderate to severe depression, what should be considered?

Which medication is recommended as the first-line treatment for depression in children and adolescents?

A 16-year-old boy with depression engages in self-harm. What is the most likely reason for this behavior?

Which comorbid disorder is NOT commonly associated with depression in children and adolescents?

What is the 12-month point prevalence of depression in adolescents after puberty?

A 15-year-old patient presents with alternating episodes of depression and excessive energy. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A child with a parent diagnosed with bipolar disorder is at an increased risk of developing which of the following?

In a 14-year-old with bipolar disorder experiencing a moderate to severe manic episode, which medication is recommended by NICE?

A 16-year-old female patient with bipolar disorder is experiencing a severe depressive episode. What is the initial recommended treatment?

A 13-year-old male patient diagnosed with bipolar disorder exhibits irritability, rapid speech, and racing thoughts. Which phase of the disorder is he likely experiencing?

Which comorbid disorder is most commonly associated with bipolar disorder in children and adolescents?

In long-term treatment of adolescent bipolar disorder, which medication is preferred for female patients as a second-line treatment?

Which psychological intervention is NOT commonly used in the treatment of child and adolescent bipolar disorder?

A 14-year-old patient presents with hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with the aetiology of psychosis in children and adolescents?

In a child experiencing early-onset psychosis, what is the recommended first-line treatment?

Which of the following is a common presentation of psychosis in children and adolescents?

A 16-year-old patient with a family history of psychosis presents with developmental delays and cognitive impairments. What is the most likely diagnosis?

What is the estimated prevalence of psychosis in children and adolescents?

Which of the following interventions is NOT commonly used in the treatment of child and adolescent psychosis?

Which of the following outcomes is most likely for a child with early-onset psychosis who receives appropriate treatment?

Which eating disorder is characterized by weight loss associated with abnormal beliefs and preoccupation with weight?

What is the prevalence of anorexia nervosa in adolescent females?

Which treatment is often used in the management of bulimia nervosa in adolescents?

Which eating disorder is characterized by recurrent binges and purges?

What is a common comorbidity with bulimia nervosa?

Which eating disorder typically presents with individuals at a normal weight?

In the management of anorexia nervosa, what is an essential aspect to prevent?

What type of therapy is commonly offered to patients with anorexia nervosa?

A 10-year-old patient presents with significant weight loss and nutritional deficiency. Which disorder may be suspected?

A 7-year-old child with developmental disabilities persistently eats non-nutritive substances. Which disorder is this?

Which disorder is characterized by voluntary or involuntary regurgitation and re-chewing of partially digested food?

What behavior may be observed in individuals with eating disorders as a way to cope with emotional distress?

Which behavior may be related to low self-esteem and physical symptoms in individuals with eating disorders?

Which obsessive-compulsive behavior may be exhibited by some individuals with eating disorders?

In preschool-aged children, which sign might indicate disordered eating behaviours?

Which intervention is crucial in improving outcomes for children and adolescents with eating disorders?

What is the male-to-female ratio for the prevalence of ASD?

What percentage of the risk for ASD is accounted for by genetic factors?

A child with ASD is more likely to struggle with which of the following?

Which intervention can lead to significant improvements in functioning and quality of life for children with ASD?

In the context of preschool-aged children, what might be a common behavior associated with ASD?

What can be a reason for school refusal in children with ASD?

Which type of therapy is effective in improving outcomes for children with ASD?

Which sensory sensitivity might be observed in children with ASD?

What is the most commonly used drug among young people aged 11-15 in the UK?

Which environmental factor can contribute to substance misuse in children and adolescents?

Which mental health condition can increase the risk of substance misuse in children and adolescents?

Which type of intervention is effective in addressing the underlying psychosocial factors that contribute to substance misuse in children and adolescents?

Which of the following is a potential outcome of substance misuse in children and adolescents?

What is the typical age of onset for motor tics?

Which factor is NOT associated with exacerbating tics?

What is the most common form of tic disorder?

What is the ratio of boys to girls with tic disorders in community-based samples?

Which of the following is NOT a suggested contributing factor in the development of tic disorders?

Which treatment option is commonly used in managing tic disorders?

What is the typical outcome for individuals with transient tic disorder?

Which subtype of tic disorder is characterized by multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics?

A 9-year-old patient presents with sudden-onset OCD and a recent history of streptococcal infection. What condition might be suspected?

An 11-year-old child presents with abrupt onset of OCD symptoms, but without any recent history of streptococcal infection. Which condition is more appropriate to consider in this case?

A 12-year-old patient presents with rapid-onset movement disorder affecting the basal ganglia and psychiatric manifestations, following a streptococcal infection. What condition is most likely responsible?

A 10-year-old child has been struggling with reading and writing despite having average intelligence. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 7-year-old child has difficulty pronouncing words and understanding grammar. What is the most appropriate intervention?

Which disorder is characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviours?

A child has difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. What should be the primary focus of treatment?

A child frequently experiences severe temper outbursts disproportionate to the situation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 6-year-old child has daytime urinary incontinence. Which treatment option is most appropriate?

Which childhood disorder involves distress due to a mismatch between gender identity and assigned sex?

A child has difficulties with social communication and understanding language. What is the prevalence of this type of disorder in children?